Measurement techniques for body reactivity Electroencephalography The heart rate decreases during the orienting response. Heart rate increases after the onset of startle stimuli. Orienting response is an organism’s innate reaction to a novel stimulus, and it is a defensive response. Startle response interrupts and disengages the organism from ongoing activity, directs attention to stimuli, and protects the organism from potential harmful stimuli. Parasympathetic influence increases during exhalation. It also decreases conductivity of electrical impulses through the atrioventricular conduction system and decreases the force of atrioventricular contraction. The parasympathetic division decreases automaticity and excitability, which increases heart rate. This governed by the parasympathetic nervous system. Sympathetic influence increases during inhalation. It also increases conductivity of electrical impulses through the atrioventricular conduction system and increases the force of atrioventricular contraction. The sympathetic division increases automaticity and excitability of the SA node, which increases heart rate. Reactions Fight or flight įight or flight is governed by the sympathetic nervous system. Increased Conversion of Glycogen to Glucose Gastric Juice Secreted, Motility Increased The somatic nervous system engages in voluntary reactions, and the autonomic nervous system engages in involuntary reactions. The somatic nervous system consists of peripheral nerve fibers that send sensory information to the central nervous system and motor nerve fibers that project to skeletal muscle. The enteric nervous system innervates the viscera (gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and gall bladder). The parasympathetic nervous system regulates the “rest and digest” responses. The sympathetic nervous system regulates the “fight or flight” responses. The autonomic nervous system can be divided into the parasympathetic, sympathetic, and enteric nervous system. The PNS can be divided into the autonomic and somatic nervous system. The brain is responsible for integrating most sensory information and coordinating body function, both consciously and unconsciously. The spinal cord is the pathway for sensory input to the brain and motor output from the brain. The spinal cord and spinal nerves contribute to homeostasis by providing quick reflexive responses to many stimuli. Most signals that stimulate muscles to contract and glands to secrete originate in the CNS. It is also the source of thoughts, emotions, and memories. The CNS processes many different kinds of incoming sensory information. The CNS can be divided into the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is found outside those bones and consists of the nerves and most of the sensory organs.
The central nervous system (CNS) consists of parts that are encased by the bones of the skull and spinal column: the brain and spinal cord. 3 Measurement techniques for body reactivity.